Government Agencies

The primary agency for immigration benefits. USCIS adjudicates applications for green cards, naturalization, work authorization, asylum, and most other immigration benefits. It also oversees the E-Verify employment eligibility system.

Manages immigrant and nonimmigrant visa issuance at U.S. embassies and consulates abroad. The National Visa Center (NVC) processes approved petitions and schedules immigrant visa interviews. Also publishes the monthly Visa Bulletin.

Manages and secures U.S. borders at ports of entry. CBP officers make the final determination on admission into the United States, inspect travelers, and issue or deny entry. Also handles ESTA (Visa Waiver Program) and Global Entry.

Enforces immigration and customs laws within the United States. ICE's Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) manages immigration detention and deportation. The Student and Exchange Visitor Program (SEVP) regulates international student status.

The immigration court system of the United States. EOIR immigration judges hear removal proceedings, asylum cases, and bond hearings. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) reviews immigration judge decisions. EOIR also accredits non-attorney immigration representatives.

Certifies labor conditions for employment-based immigration. The Office of Foreign Labor Certification (OFLC) processes PERM labor certifications, H-1B Labor Condition Applications (LCAs), and H-2A/H-2B temporary worker certifications.

Issues Social Security Numbers (SSNs) to immigrants authorized to work in the United States. Many immigration benefits require or produce an SSN. SSA also processes Social Security benefit claims for eligible lawful permanent residents and citizens.

Enforces federal laws prohibiting employment discrimination, including discrimination based on national origin or citizenship status. Immigrants — regardless of immigration status — are protected under federal anti-discrimination laws in many employment contexts.